Once destroyed, target their weak spot, which is their 'camera' spot. In order to destroy a turret, their shield needs to be destroyed first up to 3 times. SWAT Turrets can arrive at any given moment during loud, or even sometimes the SWAT Turret is already in place, but waiting for heisters to come in close, in which case the turret will rise and start its attack. The SWAT Turret is an area denial weapon that discourages/blocks heisters from going into a specific area. Some info may be relevant to other types, but not all.
This is referring to the SWAT Van Turret, not the scripted-event turrets, such as in Henry's Rock.